Tej zaum txhua tus neeg uas nyeem Pavel Bazhov cov dab neeg hais txog tus poj niam ntawm lub roob tooj liab, uas muaj tag nrho Ural cov khoom muaj nqis zais hauv av, paub txog malachite. Tag nrho cov keeb kwm ntawm lub pov haum no yog tsim los ntawm mystical txheej xwm. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, tib neeg ntseeg hais tias malachite coj lub zog ntawm lub ntug mus rau lub ntiaj teb. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm kev ntseeg thiab legends yog txuam nrog rau lub pob zeb no, piv txwv li, hais tias nws yuav ua rau ib tug neeg tsis pom kev. Nws tau ntseeg tias Ural malachite tuaj yeem thov tau!
Npe "malachite": keeb kwm
Lub hauv paus ntawm lo lus "malachite" rov qab mus rau lus Greek. Muaj ob lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub npe no. Raws li ib tug, cov Greeks hu ua lub pob zeb vim hais tias ntawm nws cov nplua nuj xim - Μολόχα - "ntsuab paj". Lwm version hais tias lub npe los ntawm lo lus Μαλακός - "mos".
Thiab qhov tseeb, malachitecharacterized los ntawm nws fragility, nws yog unstable rau sab nraud influences. Jewellers thov hais tias tiag tiag Ural malachite poob xim thiab tarnishes, txawm tias plua plav cia li zaum ntawm nws! Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau sau tseg tias qhov softness ntawm cov ntxhia no tuaj yeem tig mus rau hauv nws qhov kom zoo dua. Tom qab tag nrho, malachite qiv nws tus kheej zoo rau polishing thiab sib tsoo.
Xim yam ntxwv ntawm malachite
Cov ntxhia muaj xim ntsuab zoo nkauj. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, koj tuaj yeem pom peb lub ntsiab ntxoov: daj-ntsuab, nplua nuj ntsuab thiab yuav luag tsis muaj xim. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb, cov xim uas txawv ntawm turquoise mus rau emerald.
History of the Stone
Cov khoom qub tshaj plaws malachite tau pom hauv Iraq 10.5 txhiab xyoo dhau los. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov neeg Ixayees, tau pom cov hlaws ua los ntawm malachite, uas nws muaj hnub nyoog yog cuaj txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau hauv ancient Rome, malachite tau siv los tsim kev ntxim nyiam thiab amulets. Cov pob zeb no tau nrov heev hauv Suav teb thiab Is Nrias teb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau siv los ua cov xim uas tsis poob lawv qhov ci ci rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog lub qhov ntxa ntawm cov pharaohs. Thiab kev zoo nkauj los ntawm Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws ua eyeshadows los ntawm malachite hmoov.
Ural malachite: keeb kwm ntawm kev nuv ntses hauv Russia
Kom txog rau thaum xyoo pua 18th, malachite tau pom tsuas yog hauv daim ntawv me me nuggets. Cov pob zeb no tau nrov tsuas yog tom qab kev loj hlob ntawm Ural deposits pib nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws yog Lavxias teb sab miners uas muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov blocks ntawm cov ntxhia uas hnyav ntau pua tons. Tab sis qhov hnyav tshaj plaws muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 250 tons. Tshawb nrhiav hauv 1835.
thawj malachite deposit tau pom nyob rau hauv lub forties ntawm lub XVIII caug xyoo. Nws yog hu ua Gumeshevskoye thiab nyob ntawm lub taub hau ntawm tus dej Chusovaya. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm qhov kuv, kev tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub me me pib hauv Russia. Nplhaib thiab hlaws, qhwv ntsej thiab pendants - lub pob zeb Ural malachite feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog lwm cov pob zeb, feem ntau muaj nuj nqis.
Kev vam meej ntawm kev nuv ntses pib tom qab nrhiav pom ntawm Mednorudnyanskoye deposit. Nws yog ces hais tias ib tug tshwj xeeb style ntawm kev tsim khoom los ntawm lub pob zeb no tshwm sim, uas yog hu ua Lavxias teb sab mosaic. Cov pob zeb txawj ntse txiav cov pob zeb rau hauv cov phaj nyias nyias, xaiv cov qauv thiab muab khi rau hauv lub hauv paus. Tom qab ntawd txoj kev sib tsoo pib. Lavxias teb sab craftsmen tsim xws li Ural cov khoom los ntawm malachite uas tsis yog ib tug tib neeg soj ntsuam yuav txawm tsis ntseeg lub solidity ntawm cov khoom.
Cov nyiaj khaws cia ntawm Ural malachite tau nplua nuj heev uas qee tus kws tsim khoom tuaj yeem them taus qhov tsis saib xyuas ntawm cov pob zeb no. Muaj cov rooj plaub thaum malachite chips, uas cov craftsmen tsis kam ua hauj lwm, sau lub qhov nyob rau hauv pavements. Niaj hnub no, xws li extravagance zoo li npau taws tiag tiag, vim tias txawm tias cov qauv me tshaj plaws yog qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb.
1726 tau cim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias thawj lub rooj cob qhia rau kev ua cov malachite tau tshwm sim hauv Urals. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1765, los ntawm txoj cai ntawm Catherine lub Great, thawj Ural malachite Hoobkas tau qhib - lub Yekaterinburg Lapidary Factory. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev rho tawm thiab ua cov pob zeb no, ib qho chawpob zeb txiav thiab kev kawm rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm craftsmen.
Mineral nrov
Lub pob zeb no tau dhau los ua khoom dai ntawm cov tsev ntawm Lavxias thiab European cov nom tswv. Nws txawm siv rau hauv cov chav tsev, xws li Malachite Chav Nyob ntawm Lub Caij Ntuj Sov Palace. Tus nqi artistic ntawm no masterpiece ntawm Lavxias teb sab architecture yog nyuaj rau overestimate. Kev kos duab yog xaiv kom txawj ntse tias cov pob qij txha ntawm cov phiaj yog tsis pom zoo. Cov kab ntawm St. Isaac's Cathedral kuj tau kab nrog malachite. Hauv chav tsev ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj, ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov khoom xws li lub vase ua los ntawm Ural malachite, watches, snuff boxes, caskets, thiab txawm lub qhov cub thiab countertops ua los ntawm cov ntxhia.
Los ntawm txoj kev, thaum lub sijhawm ntawd nws yog qhov zam heev los sau cov qauv nthuav dav ntawm ntau yam minerals, suav nrog malachite. Paub txawm tias sib tw nrog ib leeg. Lub npe ntawm tus tswv ntawm cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws tau txais los ntawm Empress Catherine II.
Nyob ntawm malachite
Muaj ob hom Ural malachite - plush thiab turquoise. Plush malachite yog nkig, thiab yog li ntawd nyuaj rau txheej txheem. Nws tsis yog siv los tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Feem ntau, hom no yog qhov txaus siab rau cov kws tshawb fawb ntxhia. Amateurs thiab connoisseurs sau cov qauv ntawm cov ntxhia no. Feem ntau hom malachite yog turquoise. Nws cov qauv yog tshwj xeeb: tus qauv txawv txawv yog tsim los ntawm asymmetric kab txaij thiab voj voog. Cov qauv ntsuab tshwj xeeb muaj nuj nqis los ntawm cov neeg sau khoom thiab cov jewelers ib yam nkaus.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm malachite
Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, cov pob zeb zoo nkauj notau los ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau cov neeg nplua nuj heev, tab sis kuj rau cov nom tswv. Kev sib tw rau tus naj npawb ntawm cov khoom malachite hauv tsev tau tso tseg, cov pob zeb hauv av tau dhau los ua tsawg dua siv nyob rau hauv sab hauv. Malachite tau siv los ua xim, uas npog cov ru tsev.
Lub kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias kev rho tawm pob zeb tau poob qis heev. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias ob lub ntsiab deposits - Mednorudnyanskoye thiab Gumeshevskoye - twb loj depleted. Thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, lub Gumeshev kuv tau raug dej nyab loj heev. Tias yog vim li cas tam sim no qhov chaw no tau mus xyuas tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg siab phem. Mednorudnyanskoye deposit yog tseem ua hauj lwm, tsuas yog tooj liab ore yog mined ntawm no, tsis malachite. Niaj hnub no, Ural malachite yog xyaum tsis pom ntawm no, thiab yog li ntawd muaj nuj nqis ntau thiab ntau.
Malachite lag luam hnub no
Ural nyob deb ntawm tib qhov chaw hauv ntiaj teb uas pom cov malachite deposits. Kev txhim kho tseem tab tom ua hauv thaj chaw ntawm Altai. Los ntawm txoj kev, qee zaum muaj cov qauv ntawm Altai malachite, uas xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov qauv ntawm Ural ntxhia hauv kev zoo nkauj thiab quirkiness ntawm lub nplhaib. Cov thawj coj niaj hnub hauv kev muab malachite yog koom pheej ntawm Congo. Lub malachite mined ntawm no txawv ntawm Ural ib qho qauv uas muaj cov kab txaij. Cov ntxhia yog mined hauv UK, Chile, Australia, Fabkis thiab Cuba. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pob zeb mined nyob rau hauv cov mines yog qhov ua tsis tau zoo hauv lawv cov khoom sab nraud rau Ural malachite.
Puas yog malachite los ntawm Urals muaj lub neej yav tom ntej?
Cov kws tshaj lij tau tsim tias txhua lub ntiaj teb cov malachite reserves tuaj yeem ua tauntaus nqi rau ib hom, thiab cov tsos ntawm cov ntxhia yog txuam nrog zonal oxidation ntawm tooj liab ore. Ntawd yog, qhov tshwm sim uas qhov tso nyiaj tshiab ntawm malachite tuaj yeem pom hauv Urals yog qhov siab heev.
Tau ntau xyoo, Grigory Nikolaevich Vertushkov, tus xibfwb ntawm Sverdlovsk University, tau sau cov ntaub ntawv uas tsawg kawg yog qee yam txuas nrog tooj liab thiab malachite deposits. Nws paub tseeb tias cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua yuam kev thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw cia ntawm Ural mines tsis depleted. Grigory Nikolaevich thov tias qhov sib sib zog nqus ntawm cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb no tsis raug kov ntawm ob qhov tso nyiaj.
Cov khoom lag luam nto moo tshaj plaws malachite
Lub Malachite Hall tau hais los saum toj no tsuas yog lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb no. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom vases thiab rooj, tais thiab kab. Nws coj txog ob puas poods (los ntawm txoj kev, 1 pood yog 16.38 kg). Yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom ntawm no yog ua nyob rau hauv cov style ntawm "Lavxias teb sab mosaic". 1,500 poods ntawm malachite yog xav tau los npog cov kab ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj loj tshaj plaws Orthodox hauv St. Petersburg - St. Isaac's Cathedral.
Nyob hauv Pitti Palace, nyob rau hauv Florence, muaj ib lub rooj malachite khaws cia los ntawm lub hnub qub ntawm kev lag luam malachite hauv Russia. Rau London Exhibition nyob rau hauv 1851, ib qho kev sau zoo kawg ntawm cov khoom tau ua: qhov rooj, rooj thiab rooj zaum, yawm txiv moos, vases thiab qhov cub.
leej twg yuav tsum hnav cov khoom malachite
Ural malachite yog leej twg? Astrologers qhia hnav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm lub pob zeb no rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm xws liCov cim zodiac zoo li Capricorn, Libra, Scorpio thiab Taurus. Malachite kuj tsim nyog rau cov neeg muaj tswv yim tshaj lij. Lub pob zeb no yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov kws sau ntawv, kws kos duab, kos duab. Malachite yuav pab cov poj niam tuav cov hluas thiab ntxim nyiam mus ntev.
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov tseeb malachite los ntawm tus cuav?
Ural malachite, daim duab uas koj twb pom lawm, yog nrov heev, thiab yog li ntawd nws cov hluavtaws analogue tau tshwm sim hauv khw. Los tsim ib qho cuav, yas thiab iav siv.
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntuj pob zeb los ntawm cov cuav?
- Real malachite hnov txias rau qhov kov. Imitation yas - sov.
- iav pob zeb yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov pom ntawm pob tshab hauv qhov chaw.
- Imitations, uas yog tsim los ntawm lwm lub pob zeb nrog kev sib ntxiv ntawm tha xim thiab cov kua roj vanish, tuaj yeem txawv ntawm cov pob zeb ntuj los ntawm kev tso ammonia rau lawv: tiag malachite yuav tig xiav, thiab cov cuav yuav tsis hloov.
- Koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm Ural malachite los ntawm kev dag nrog kev pab ntawm vinegar los yog kua txiv qaub. Muaj tseeb tiag, qhov saum npoo ntawm lub pob zeb ntuj tom qab qhov kev kuaj ntawd yuav pib npuas.
Magic thiab kho cov khoom ntawm Ural malachite
Cov ntxhia ntsuab tau txais txiaj ntsig nrog cov khoom siv yees siv rov qab rau Hnub Nyoog Nrab Hnub nyoog. Cov me me ntawm malachite tau dai saum txaj, ntseeg tias lawv yuav tshem tawm cov dab phem thiab tus menyuam yuav pw tsaug zog. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv tus neeg laus, malachite tau kos - feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub hnub.
Nws tau ntseeg tias malachite yog tus pab zoo hauv kev sib hlub. Nws feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv divination thiab khawv koob phau ntawv raws li ib tug txhais tau tias kom nyiam kev hlub thiab khaws cia. Cov kws kho mob ib txwm siv malachite los kho kev ua xua thiab kab mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij, mob hawb pob thiab migraines.
