Txhua tus poj niam siv zog ua kom zoo nkauj thiab tu zoo, huv ntawm daim tawv nqaij hauv qab ob lub qhov muag thiab qhov pom tseeb ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv qhov no. Txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj no, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv cov tshuaj pleev qhov muag. Lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig tam sim ntawd. Ob peb xyoos dhau los, cov ntxhais tsuas yog npau suav txog txoj hauv kev zoo.
Patch xaiv
Txoj kev hloov kho tas li ntawm cov khoom tu tawv nqaij, tau kawg, tsis tuaj yeem tab sis thov kom zoo nkauj ib nrab ntawm tib neeg. Qhov muag thaj ua rau thaj tau tshwm sim ntawm lub khw qhov rais tsis ntev dhau los, tab sis twb yeej txoj kev hlub ntawm cov poj niam. Lub npe ntawm cov khoom yog los ntawm lus Askiv lo lus patch, uas txhais tau tias "tsis siv neeg hloov tshiab". Qhov kev txhais lus no yog rau kev nyiam ntawm cosmetologists, thiab lawv txiav txim siab tias nws yog ib qho kev koom tes nrog rau daim tawv nqaij tshiab. Yog li ntawd muaj "stickers" rau thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag. Tom qab siv thaj ua rau thaj, daim tawv nqaij yuav noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo-groomed, hnab, puffiness thiab lwm yam cim ntawm qaug zog ploj.
Tom qab siv cov khoom, qhov tshwm sim yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Hais txogtus nqi, ces tsis muaj dab tsi txhawj txog, nws yog kev ywj pheej heev, thiab txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom lag luam hauv cov khoom xav tau. Muab qhov muaj thiab ua tau zoo ntawm thaj ua rau thaj, nws paub meej tias yog vim li cas cov poj niam nyiam cov khoom no heev.
Nyob zoo
Daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag nyias nyias, yog li koj loj hlob tuaj, kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim ua ntej. Cov tshuaj pleev qhov muag yog siv los zais lawv.
Ua ntej mus rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv thov, koj yuav tsum qhia seb nws yog yam khoom twg. "Stickers" nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag yog me me pads ntawm ib tug arched duab. Nyeem ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas siv thaj ua rau thaj hauv qab no. Cov khoom tuaj yeem ua los ntawm hydrogel. Qhov no yog ib qho loj, zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv kev ntxhib los mos rau jelly, muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb. Lwm hom thaj ua rau thaj yog tsim los ntawm cov ntaub tsis-woven. Lawv kuj muaj ntau cov vitamins thiab minerals, ntau yam nroj tsuag rho tawm, roj yam tseem ceeb, antioxidants thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb rau kev noj qab haus huv.
Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom no yog dab tsi? Nws cov khoom tseem ceeb yog:
- YKhoom noj khoom haus nrog cov vitamins. Cov khoom, uas suav nrog cov nroj tsuag ntuj, retinol thiab placenta, txhawb cov tawv nqaij. Nws ua tau ntau elastic, noj qab nyob zoo thiab zoo-groomed.
- Moisture. Cov khoom siv los ntub cov ntaub qhwv qhov muag muaj cov vitamins A, B thiab D. Lawv saib xyuas cov tawv nqaij thiab saturate nws nrog noo noo.
- Smoothing. Mask-patches nrog hyaluronic acid thiab collagen pab hauv kev tawm tsam thawj zaugwrinkles. Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv khw muag khoom koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom lag luam nrog kev ua ntawm Botox. Lawv pab nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam ntau yam teeb meem tshwm sim los ntawm daim tawv nqaij laus nyob rau hauv ib zaug - smoothing tawm ntiav wrinkles thiab tshem tawm ntawm hnub nyoog raws li pigmentation. Xav txog ntau npaum li cas siv thaj ua rau thaj nrog cov nyhuv smoothing? Cov kev kho no tsuas yog siv tau tas li, kwv yees li ib hlis ib zaug.
- Khaub dej. Koj tuaj yeem daws qhov teeb meem ntawm puffiness los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj hydrolic. Cov nyhuv yog ua tiav vim qhov tseeb tias lawv nruj heev rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, feem, cov khoom zoo dua absorbed.
- Kev kho kom rov zoo thiab rov zoo dua. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom aimed ntawm rejuvenating thiab renewing ntawm daim tawv nqaij muaj collagen, enzymes thiab algae rho tawm. Xws li ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nws tus kheej pib cov txheej txheem rov qab. Cov tawv nqaij yuav khov thiab elastic.
Contraindications rau kev siv thaj ua rau thaj
Muaj cov xwm txheej uas txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom no:
- Kev tsis haum. Ua ntej siv thaj ua rau thaj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kawm txog cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab xyuas cov txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev siv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub dab teg. Cov nyhuv yuav tshwm sim li ntawm 2-3 hnub, qhov kev tsis haum tshuaj tsis tshwm sim tam sim ntawd.
- teeb meem tsis pom kev tas mus li lossis ib ntus. Kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom uas tsim cov khoom ntawm cov mucous membrane tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qhov muag tsis zoo.
- YConjunctivitis. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm "cov ntawv nplaum" rau lub qhov muag yuav ua rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev txhim kho lossistsim conjunctivitis. Cov kws tshaj lij qhia kom tsis kam siv cov khoom kom txog thaum rov ua tiav.
- daim tawv nqaij puas. Nws tuaj yeem ua pob khaus, txiav, khawb, o thiab lwm yam. Koj tuaj yeem siv thaj ua rau thaj tsuas yog tom qab lawv tau kho tag.
- Cuperose. Cov kab mob no, raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov hu ua kab laug sab leeg tshwm rau ntawm lub ntsej muag. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm circulatory ntshawv siab nyob rau hauv lub cev. Kev siv thaj ua rau thaj hauv qhov xwm txheej no tsis tsim nyog. Vim tias muaj cov tshuaj uas ua kom cov ntshav khiav hauv lub cev muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem pom ntau dua.
Ntau yam ntawm thaj ua rau thaj
Cov khoom siv rau kev tu tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag yog qhov dav dav, yog li ntau tus tsuas yog poob nrog ntau yam. Txhawm rau ua qhov kev xaiv zoo, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog hom thaj ua rau thaj thiab nkag siab tias yam twg koj xav ua kom tiav. Tom ntej no, peb yuav txheeb xyuas cov khoom nrov tshaj plaws uas sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, cov qauv ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab tus nqi. Koj tseem yuav kawm paub siv thaj ua rau thaj.
- YGel thiab hydrolic. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm hydrolic thaj ua rau thaj yog zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv kev ntxhib los mos rau jelly, uas dissolves thaum sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij. Cov khoom siv hydrolic feem ntau muaj hyaluronic acid. Nws muaj cov nyhuv ntxiv - moisturizing, thiab tseem tso cai rau koj tsis nco qab txog "crow's feet" thiab wrinkled mesh rau lub sijhawm luv luv. Tab sis kom zais cov hnab hauv qab ob lub qhov muag nrog thaj ua rau thaj, hmoov tsis, yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Saib hauv qab no seb yuav siv cov tshuaj hydrogel li cas.
- Cov khoom lag luam nrog collagen. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom no yog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm collagen. Txij li thaum nws cov qauv xyaum tsis txawv ntawm ntuj collagen, nws nkag mus rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Cov nyhuv yog amazing - zoo wrinkles yog smoothed tawm, elasticity rov qab. Tab sis tsis txhob cia siab tias yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig, nws tsis kav ntev.
- Silicon thaj ua rau thaj. Cov khoom no muaj ib hom silicone, feem ntau methyl trimethicone. Thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog daim tawv nqaij, ib daim ntaub nyias nyias ntawm nws. Nws yog nws uas tsim ib qho kev pom smoothing nyhuv. Lub ntsiab kev taw qhia ntawm silicone thaj ua rau thaj yog rejuvenation. Lawv yog siv los zawm daim tawv nqaij, nrog rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov plaub muag txuas ntxiv lossis cov xim mus tas li. Sab nraud, lawv yog cov ntaub qhwv cov ntaub qhwv, yog li cov khoom siv silicone no yooj yim siv los tiv thaiv. Lub thaj txhim khu kev ruaj ntseg tiv thaiv daim tawv nqaij hauv qab cilia hauv cov txheej txheem dyeing, tsev lossis thov pleev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus nyiam yog qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv silicone sib txawv ntawm lwm tus, lawv zoo kawg nkaus ua raws li qhov nkhaus ntawm daim tawv muag thiab lub qhov ntswg.
- Cov khoom rau daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag nrog kub. Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom ntawm hom no paub tseeb tias cov ions kub tiag tiag muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom xyaw. Cov tshuaj no pab ua kom cov metabolism thiab rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov tawv nqaij, nrog rau kev txhim kho cov ntshav ncig. Hauv kev sib cuam tshuam nrog lwm cov khoom uas ua rau "golden" thaj ua rau thaj, ua kom txias, moisturizing thiab soothing nyhuv yog tiav.nyhuv. Yog li ntawd, daim tawv nqaij ua ntau toned, elastic, puffiness thiab bruises nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag instantly ploj. Qhov peculiarity ntawm cov khoom no yog lub sij hawm ntev ntawm daim tawv nqaij - txog 40-50 feeb. Nws yog txaus los thov lwm hom thaj ua rau thaj rau 15-20 feeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg "golden" belongs rau ntu hwm, raws li, tus nqi ntawm lawv yog siab heev. Tab sis yog tias koj xav tau, koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom pheej yig dua.
- Nrog snail slime extract. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov qwj muaj elastin thiab collagen, zoo ib yam li tib neeg. Qhov tseeb no nyiam cov kws tshawb fawb, thiab lawv txiav txim siab siv nws hauv cosmetology. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sim, nws tau pom tseeb tias snail mucus yeej ua haujlwm zoo li moisturizer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov tawv nqaij laus. Patches nrog snail secretion txhim kho cov mob ntawm daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag, qhov no yog vim muaj dej zoo thiab rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Nrog rau kev siv tsis tu ncua, wrinkles raug txo los ntawm 28% thiab lawv qhov tob los ntawm 16%.
Yuav siv lub ntsej muag li cas thiab ntau npaum li cas
Yuav kom cov khoom lag luam rau daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag kom tau txais txiaj ntsig, nws yuav tsum ua raws qee cov cai ntawm kev siv thiab ua ntu zus:
- Ua ntej siv cov khoom, koj yuav tsum ntxuav koj lub ntsej muag kom huv si los ntawm cov tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lwm yam khoom thiab tos kom txog thaum daim tawv nqaij qhuav tag. Nws yuav tsum huv thiab qhuav zoo kawg nkaus.
- Tsis paub siv thaj li cas? Nrog ob txhais tes huv si, cais ob yam khoom ntawm lub ntimthiab muab tso rau hauv qab lub qhov muag. Yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 2 hli nruab nrab ntawm ntug qis ntawm cov plaub muag thiab sab saum toj ntawm thaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov tawv nqaij hauv qab nws tsis sib sau ua ke, txwv tsis pub cov wrinkles yuav tsis ploj, tab sis yuav pom ntau dua.
- Txhawm rau ua tiav lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb, siv cov khoom lag luam rau thaj chaw teeb meem. Piv txwv li, yog tias txoj haujlwm yog los npog cov voj voog dub hauv qab lub qhov muag, ces muab nws ze li sai tau rau lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub qhov muag. Thiab thaum koj xav tau kom du wrinkles, txav thaj thaj rau sab nraud.
- Ib txhia ntxhais tsis paub siv lub thaj kom raug thiab yuav ua li cas tom qab nws lo. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm khaws cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag (15-30 feeb), koj tuaj yeem ua lag luam, tsis tas yuav pw. Yog hais tias lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg yog hnyav heev saturated nrog ib tug saib xyuas muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab txav tawm, ces koj yuav tsum tau muab koj lub taub hau rov qab rau ob peb feeb thiab tos. Lub sijhawm no, lawv yuav qhuav me ntsis, cuam tshuam nrog huab cua thiab tawv tawv ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- Tshem lawv tawm ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm tus choj ntawm lub qhov ntswg mus rau cov tuam tsev. Nws tsis yog tsim nyog los ntxuav lossis so qhov chaw kho ntawm daim tawv nqaij, cov khoom seem ntawm cov khoom yog rubbed rau hauv daim tawv nqaij nrog lub teeb patting txav.
- Tom qab tag nrho cov kev tswj hwm no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj pleev ib ce nyob ib ncig ntawm daim tawv muag.
Koj yuav cov tshuaj pleev qhov muag, tab sis koj tsis paub yuav siv lawv li cas? Txhawm rau ua kom lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo, koj yuav tsum ua ib qho kev tawm dag zog rau lub qhov muag thiab lub teeb zaws ncig thaj chaw no ib nrab teev ua ntej thov. Tom qab cov kev ua no, daim tawv nqaij yuav tau npaj ntau dua los cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv tau zoo.
Xav seb yuav siv cov tshuaj collagen li cas? Txhua qhov muag thaj tsam raug pom zoo kom siv ntau tshaj ib zaug, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawm 20-30 cov txheej txheem rau 2 lub hlis. Txoj hauv kev no yuav tso cai rau koj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws thiab kho cov tawv nqaij.
Yog tias peb tham txog hnub nyoog npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem siv thaj ua rau thaj, ces ua ntej ntawm tag nrho nws yuav tsum tau piav qhia tias cov no tsuas yog lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg xwb, yog li tsis muaj hnub nyoog txwv. Xaiv lub cuab yeej raws li koj xav tau. Piv txwv li, thaum muaj hnub nyoog 20 xyoo nws tseem ntxov dhau los siv cov khoom nqa thiab collagen, tab sis moisturizing tsis ua mob rau leej twg.
Asian patches
Cov poj niam feem ntau tau qhia txog cov khoom muag qhov muag nrog cov khoom siv Kauslim. Qhov no yog vim lawv qhov chaw loj heev. Nws yog nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Es Xias uas cov khoom no tau tshwm sim thawj zaug, yog li lawv muaj ntau yam ntawm txhua yam ntawm lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg. Kauslim thaj ua rau thaj feem ntau muaj cov roj zaub thiab rho tawm, collagen, hyaluronic acid thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb. Cov khoom lag luam los ntawm Kaus Lim Qab Teb yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb, vim tias lawv cov nqi qis dua li Asmeskas thiab European cov khoom lag luam. Tab sis qhov no tsis tau txhais hais tias cov khoom kim heev tsis tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv txhua yam ntawm Asian thaj ua rau thaj. Txhua yam nyob ntawm qhov muaj siab xav thiab muaj peev xwm nyiaj txiag.
Tab sis cov neeg Kaus Lim Kauslim tsis tau tso tseg ntawm kev saib xyuas thaj tsam ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag, thiab tso daim di ncauj. Cov neeg tsim khoom thov tias thaum cov sponges tev thiab qhuav, thiab koj nyiam cov tshuaj balm tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus, koj tsis tuaj yeem ua yam tsis muaj nplaum nplaum. Daim di ncauj, los yog raws li lawv hu ua,Patch lossis thaj yog daim di ncauj zoo li hydrol daim npog ntsej muag uas muaj cov vitamins, minerals thiab lwm yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntau tus yuav muaj lus nug, yuav siv daim di ncauj li cas? Cov txheej txheem tsis txawv ntawm kev thov cov khoom hauv qab lub qhov muag - daim npog qhov ncauj yog nplaum rau ntawm daim di ncauj qhuav thiab huv si thiab muaj hnub nyoog rau 15-20 feeb. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, cov khoom seem yuav tsum muab rub rau hauv daim tawv nqaij.
Yuav khoom los ntawm Tebchaws Europe
Cov tuam txhab European tsis tau poob qab lawv cov neeg Esxias cov neeg koom tes thiab tseem tau tshaj tawm lawv cov kab tshuaj pleev ib ce rau kev tu tawv nqaij ib puag ncig lub qhov muag. Cov khoom lag luam los ntawm Tebchaws Europe yog cov khoom zoo thiab tus nqi. Feem ntau cov no yog cov khoom kim heev raws li hydrogel, piv txwv li, hydrogel thaj ua rau thaj nrog kub thiab dub pearls thiab lwm yam khoom zoo sib xws. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nrog rau cov khoom Asian, muaj ntau yam vitamins, minerals, roj thiab lwm yam khoom. Lub ntsiab txawv feature ntawm European hom yog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshem tawm wrinkles thiab kho daim tawv nqaij.
Asmeskas thaj ua rau thaj
Asmeskas cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv kev saib xyuas rau thaj chaw hauv qab lub qhov muag tsom rau dej thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Qhov no yog vim lub ecology tsis zoo ntawm lub teb chaws. Raws li rau tus nqi, nws tsis txawv ntau ntawm European counterparts. Cov khoom Korean yeej muaj ntau qhov teeb meem no.
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Ntawm ntau qhov muag qhov muag ntawm lub khw muag khoom, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog:
- Japan Gals, Nyiv. Nyob tas lisiv, koj tuaj yeem hais lus zoo mus ib txhis rau kev qaug zog ntawm kev ua neej nyob hauv nroog, lossis tsis nco qab txog cov cim tsaus nti hauv qab lub qhov muag. "Stickers" zoo kawg nkaus tiv nrog cov me me thiab ua rau cov tawv nqaij, txhawb nqa thiab moisturize ntawm daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag. Cov khoom muaj collagen. Nws pab kom pib rov tsim cov hlwb.
- Gold Racoony Hydrogel Qhov Muag & Spot Patch. Cov khoom muaj me me hais ntawm kub. Cov tshuaj no pab tswj cov dej sib npaug thiab ua rau cov tawv nqaij elastic dua. Qhov tshwm sim yog pom tau tom qab tsuas yog ob peb daim ntawv thov. Nug seb yuav siv cov qhov muag kub li cas? Txhua yam yooj yim heev - lo rau hauv qab lub qhov muag ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2 hli los ntawm daim tawv muag qis, thiab tom qab 30-40 feeb, ntsuas qhov tshwm sim zoo kawg nkaus hauv daim iav. Qhov thib ob tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom yog adenosine, qhov no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws fighter nrog hnub nyoog ntawm daim tawv nqaij hloov.
- Black Pearl & Kub Hydrogel Qhov Muag-Spot, Petitfee. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm thaj ua rau thaj los ntawm qhov chaw tsim tshuaj paus yog instant hydration. Cov tawv nqaij yuav du thiab du.
- F Hydrogel Golden Caviar Qhov Muag Patch, Orthia. Cov cuab yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm daim tawv nqaij, ua rau nws elastic. Qhov ncauj qhov ntswg rau daim tawv nqaij nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag Golden Caviar tau pom zoo los tawm tsam kev hloov pauv ntawm hnub nyoog, tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv ntawm puffiness, tsaus voj voog, wrinkles thiab lwm yam kev paub tseeb ntawm kev ua neej nyob.
- Patches rau daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm instant action LE LIFT los ntawm Chanel. Cov khoom siv pab tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm kev qaug zog thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua qias tuaj ntawm lub ntsej muag. Lo rau lawv kom muaj txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws.zoo dua ua ntej mus pw rau 15-20 feeb, thiab thaum sawv ntxov koj tuaj yeem qhuas qhov tshwm sim hauv daim ntawv so, lub ntsej muag tshiab. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los muab cov npog ntsej muag micro los ntawm lub npe Chanel nrog rau lwm yam khoom los ntawm kab no.
- Patches nrog cov nyhuv tam sim Prodigy Powercell Eye Patch, Helena Rubinstein. Ib tug kim kim, tab sis incredibly zoo cuab tam nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus tawm tsam ntau yam teeb meem uas yog yam ntxwv ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag. Qhov no yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem zoo los tshem tawm cov cim ntawm qaug zog, lub hnab thiab lub voj voog hauv qab lub qhov muag. Nrog rau kev siv tas li, pom cov nyhuv zawm thiab thawj cov cim ntawm kev laus raug tshem tawm.
Zoo kawg
qhov muag thaj ua rau thaj tuaj ntau yam ntawm cov duab thiab qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab pab nrog ntau yam teeb meem ntawm daim tawv nqaij ib ncig ntawm lub qhov muag. Txhua tus ntxhais tuaj yeem xaiv cov khoom rau nws tus kheej raws li nws tus kheej nyiam thiab muaj peev xwm. Cov khoom zoo sib xws hauv txoj cai ntawm kev nqis tes ua tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv cov nqi sib txawv, thiab qhov no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv.
