Ruby yog lub pob zeb liab kim kim nrog rau qib siab ntawm pob tshab. Nws tus nqi muaj peev xwm los ntawm ob peb puas duas las mus rau kaum tawm txhiab daus las, nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab purity.
Txawm cov neeg muaj nyiaj tau los saum toj no nruab nrab tsis tuaj yeem them nyiaj ruby jewelry, vim cov rubies zoo yog qhov tsis tshua muaj. Tab sis niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv rubies tau siv hauv kev lag luam hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Cov no yog cov pob zeb zoo nkauj, ci ntsa iab, nrog rau qib siab ntawm pob tshab, thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog lawv hloov mus ua kom ntxim nyiam thiab luxurious. Tab sis tsis yog txhua leej txhua tus paub yuav ua li cas hluavtaws rubies txawv ntawm ntuj sawv daws yuav. Yog li ntawd, cia peb paub lawv zoo dua.
Natural ruby
Ruby yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam ntawm corundum. Lawv kuj suav nrog sapphires. Ruby hais txog cov corundums uas yog liab, crimson, crimson, reddish-violet, nplua nuj lilac thiab liab-xim av. Cov pob zeb teeb heev, paj yeeb thiab lub teeb liab yog hu ua liab sapphires.
Txawm hais tias technically, ruby thiab sapphire zoo tib yam hauv kev sib xyaw. Lawv cov qauv yog AI2O3. xim txawvvim muaj ntau yam impurities. Cov xim liab ntawm ruby yog muab los ntawm chromium compounds.
Corundums yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thib ob ntawm txhua lub pob zeb ntuj (9 ntawm Mohs nplai). Lawv tsuas yog thib ob rau pob zeb diamond.
Rubies zoo nkauj heev. Lawv ci ntsa iab zoo nkauj thiab ci ntsa iab thaum ci. Feem ntau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub koj tuaj yeem pom pob tshab rubies. Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj cov neeg sawv cev tsawg dua ntawm cov liab corundums - opaque, nrog rau cov nyhuv ntawm asterism (lub hnub qub zoo li, thaum impurities tsim rays) thiab "miv lub qhov muag" (ib lub teeb).
Tus nqi ntawm rubies yog qhov txaus nyiam. Ib pob zeb ennobled ntawm txaus purity yog muag rau $ 500-600 ib carat. Cov pob zeb tsis tshua muaj, nrog rau qhov siab ntawm pob tshab lossis nrog cov nyhuv asterism, yuav raug nqi kaum npaug ntxiv.
Lub pob zeb twg tsis meej pem nrog ruby
Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntuj thiab dag ruby? Ntawm no koj yuav tsum nkag siab tias cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yuav tsis tsuas yog ntuj thiab hluavtaws liab corundums, tab sis kuj muaj lwm cov pob zeb uas yuav sim dhau mus ua ib lub ruby. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog:
- Almandine yog ib qho nyuaj garnet. Tab sis qhov qis dua ntawm lub zog rau corundum.
- Pink thiab liab spinel.
- Pink topaz. Jewellers hu nws "Brazilian Ruby".
- Cawm. Pob zeb los ntawm tooj liab compounds.
- liab tourmaline. Koj tuaj yeem hnov lub npe "Siberian ruby".
- Red sphalerite. Pob zeb pob zeb pom hauv Spain.
- YRose Quartz.
- Composite liab corundum. Ntujpob zeb yog fused nrog iav kom loj thiab hnyav, thiab yog li ntawd tus nqi.
- iav liab. Qhov pheej yig tshaj imitation corundum.
Tag nrho cov pob zeb thiab cov ntaub ntawv muaj qhov tawv qis dua ruby.
Synthetic ruby - fake or gemstone
Artificial ruby feem ntau pom hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg muag khoom tsis hais tias corundum nyob rau hauv cov khoom tau ua ke, thiab hu nws ntuj. Puas yog lawv dag cov neeg siv khoom lossis tsis?
Technically, tseem tsis tau. Ntuj thiab dag ruby muaj tib cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom zoo ib yam. Lawv muaj tib lub hardness. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pob zeb hluavtaws yog huv dua thiab muaj qhov pom tseeb dua, vim tsis muaj ntau yam kev suav nrog. Tab sis tej pob zeb ntuj kim dua.
keeb kwm ntawm tau txais hluavtaws ruby
Synthetic corundum tseem hu ua hydrothermal. Thawj corundum tau yug los ua tsaug rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Mark Gooden hauv xyoo 1837. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis maj nrawm los txais yuav nws txoj kev vam meej. Lub sijhawm ntawd, lub tswv yim tias cov neeg muaj nyiaj tsawg tsawg tuaj yeem hnav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb.
Tom qab ntawd, tom qab 50 xyoo, rov tsim rubies tau txais. Lawv tau melted los ntawm crumbs thiab fragments ntawm ntuj corundum, yog li lawv tsis tuaj yeem hu ua hluavtaws.
Thaum kawg, xyoo 1892 tau muaj kev tawg tiag tiag. Tus txiv neej Fabkis txoj Auguste Verneuil tau tso tseg kiag lisiv tej yam ntuj tso corundums thiab tau hluavtaws alumina pob zeb.
Txoj Kev Taug Kev
Hnub no, cov khoom siv rubies tuaj yeem tau txais los ntawm ntau lub thev naus laus zis:
- Verneuil method. Loj hlob crystals.
- Czochralski txoj kev. Nws yog ua raws li kev sib txuas ntawm corundums los ntawm rub lawv los ntawm qhov chaw. Cov txheej txheem pib nrog kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug siv lead ua nrog ib tug twb embedded lattice qauv rau hauv cheeb tsam. Feem ntau, silicon thiab germanium tau txais nyob rau hauv txoj kev no. Tab sis nrog kev hloov kho me ntsis, lwm cov khoom siv lead ua tuaj yeem tsim tau.
- Zone melting. Ib tug ntawm cov variations ntawm directional crystallization. Feem ntau yog siv los cais cov khib nyiab ntawm impurities.
- Crystalization los ntawm kev daws teeb meem. Corundum yog zus los ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem, thiab cov txheej txheem tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias qis dua thaum cov zaub mov crystallize los ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Qhov no ua rau cov pob zeb huv dua, ci dua.
- Tau txais corundum los ntawm cov khoom siv raw hauv lub xeev gaseous. Cov txheej txheem yog siv los tsim cov corundums loj.
- Hydrothermal method. Artificial ruby yog tau los ntawm alumina, silica thiab chromium compounds. Lawv muab tso rau hauv lub crucible rau melting, ces nyob rau hauv ib tug autoclave. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, crystals ripe. Tom qab ntawd qhov ntsuas kub hloov pauv, thiab nyob ntawm qhov no, pob zeb ntawm cov duab sib txawv, xim thiab purity tau txais.
Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem siv lead ua niaj hnub no, cov khoom siv dag zog tuaj yeem tau txais hauv ob peb feeb.
Ntxhais pob zeb dag
Ib qho khoom cog qoob loo ruby muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv uas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov ntxhia hauv ntuj. Cov xim ntawm cov pob zeb hluavtaws yog ob peb zaug ci dua. Synthetic pob zeb tsis tarnish thaum lub sij hawm, tsis zoo li tej yam ntuj tso pob zeb.
Rubies Artificial yog flawless. Lawv tsis muaj cov neeg txawv teb chaws suav nrog, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi cuam tshuam lawv txoj kev ci ntsa iab thiab purity.
Cov xim ntawm hluavtaws corundum tuaj yeem yog txhua yam. Hauv ib theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, lawv txhua tus tsis muaj xim. Tab sis tom qab ntawd cov tebchaw ntawm chromium, vanadium thiab hlau ntxiv rau lawv. Lub palette ntawm ntxoov ntxoo tau yuav luag richer tshaj li ntawm ntuj pob zeb. Liab-violet rubies ("pigeon blood") nrov heev. Cov teebmeem ntawm asterism thiab "miv lub qhov muag" tsis yog ib qho kev lees paub ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb. Lawv kuj tuaj yeem tau txais cov khoom siv dag zog.
Yuav ua li cas kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntuj ruby los ntawm ib qho khoom cuav
Qhov teeb meem yog tias cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si minerals zoo ib yam. Lawv muaj tib lub hardness thiab lwm yam ntsuas ntawm lub cev yam ntxwv. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv cov nqi sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog pheej yig dua li ib qho ntuj. Yuav ua li cas paub qhov txawv ntawm cov rubies? Txhawm rau ua qhov no, koj tuaj yeem siv cov hauv qab no:
- Synthetic corundum poob xim nyob rau hauv ultraviolet teeb. Txhua lub ntuj siv lead ua khaws nws lub teeb qub. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tib txoj hauv kev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm lub ntuj siv lead ua los ntawm ib qho khoom tsim.
- Muaj ib lub tswv yim hais tias ntuj pob zeb muaj ntau lub ntuj tsimci ntsa iab. Yog li ntawd, rau kev txheeb xyuas, ruby dipped rau hauv cov mis nyuj. Yog hais tias nws hloov xim liab, ces pob zeb yog tiag.
- Synthetic corundums yog me ntsis sib dua li ntuj tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb thiab muaj ntau tus qauv rau kev sib piv, nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub pob zeb. Txawm hais tias tus jeweler yuav luag tam sim no los ntawm qhov hnyav.
- Natural pob zeb muaj ntau qhov kev suav nrog, tawg, npuas thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Crystals uas ntshiab dhau yog qhov tsis tshua muaj nyob hauv xwm.
- Synthetic pob zeb kuj muaj npuas. Lawv loj thiab dawb. Hauv cov pob zeb ntuj, cov npuas muaj cov khoom siv roj ntsha liab.
- Natural pob zeb muaj xim nplua nuj thaum illuminated los ntawm txhua qhov kev taw qhia. Rau kev dag, nws ua daj ntseg ntawm qee cov npoo.
Magic thiab kho cov khoom
Natural rubies tau muaj nuj nqis txhua lub sijhawm rau lawv cov khoom tsis paub. Nws tau ntseeg tias lawv sai sai muab lub zog rau ib tus neeg lossis tshem tawm nws qhov ntau dhau. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ruby los yog lub yacht, raws li nws tau hu ua nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws tau txiav txim siab seb cov zaub mov puas yog lom los yog tsis. Ua li no, cov siv lead ua tau qis rau hauv lub tais thiab saib seb cov xim ntawm cov zaub mov puas yuav hloov.
Ntau tus neeg tseem ntseeg tias rubies nyiam kev nplua nuj thiab hmoov zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub mystics ntseeg tau tias hluavtaws rubies tsis muaj cov khoom siv yees siv.
Yuav tsum paub dab tsi thaum yuav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub
Ntau tus neeg yuav khoom txhawj xeeb txog kev yuav tsis yuav ib lub brooch lossis lub nplhaib nrog cov ruby ntawm cov khoom siv tiag tiag. RauTsis txhob yuam kev yuav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub nrog hluavtaws corundum, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no:
- Yog tus neeg muag khoom hu lub pob zeb ntuj, tab sis qhov tseeb nws hloov tawm los ua hluavtaws, ces qhov no yog kev dag ntxias ntawm tus neeg siv khoom.
- Koj yuav tsum tau daim ntawv pov thawj zoo rau pob zeb. Lawv feem ntau qhia qhov twg thiab yuav ua li cas cov Crystal tau txais.
- Yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas hauv qab lub teeb ultraviolet - ib qho khoom siv ruby yuav ploj mus hauv cov duab tshav, ib qho ntuj yuav khaws nws cov xim.
