Bast fibers yog fibers tau los ntawm stems los yog nplooj ntawm tej nroj tsuag. Muaj ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag no - txog 2 txhiab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nrov tshaj plaws yog xws li flax, hemp, jute, hlua. Ntoo fibers - cov uas tau los ntawm tej yam ntoo.
qhov fiber ntau zoo li cas?
Bast thiab ntoo fibers yog "cov ntaub so ntswg" ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lawv cov hlwb muaj cov duab elongated thiab taw tes kawg. Tsis zoo li lwm tus, lawv qhov ntev tuaj yeem ntsuas hauv millimeters thiab txawm centimeters. Tab sis tus ntoo khaub lig yog nyob rau hauv microns. Lub plhaub fiber ntau yog nruj heev, lub cell xyaum tsis nyob hauv, nws yeej ib txwm tuag. Thaum lub sij hawm, lignification ntawm xws li ib tug cell tshwm sim, thiab nws cov khoom siv tau ploj lawm. Nws ua ntau nkig thiab crumbly. Cov cellulose uas tsis yog-lignified fiber ntau yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cellulose thiab yog li hloov tau yooj yim thiab elastic.
Xyaum, kev lag luam siv tsis yog ib qho fiber ntau, tab sis lawv cov conglomerate. Cov ntsiab lus kawg ntawm lub hlwb yog interconnected nrog pectin, yog li cov khoom muaj zog heev. Qhov zoo tom kawg kuj yog vim qhov tseeb tias nyob rau hauv lawv lub plhaub, cellulose febriles yog nruj nreem twisted rau hauv ib tug kauv (xws li hlua los yog hlua).
Yuav kom tau txais cov khoom siv fiber ntau tiav, koj yuav tsum rhuav tshem cov qia. Feem ntau qhov no yog ua tiav los ntawm soaking. Pectin thiab lwm yam khoom siv khi raug puas tsuaj - tag nrho cov fiber ntau. Qee lub sij hawm siv tshuaj lom neeg lossis kev siv tshuab ntawm kev tau txais nws.
bast fibers siv rau dab tsi?
Ua ntej, lawv tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam textile los ua fabrics thiab yarns. Tsis yog txhua lub fibers haum rau cov hom phiaj no, tab sis tsuas yog cov muag muag xwb. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm linen los yog ramie. Lwm txoj haujlwm ntawm bast fibers yog hlua thiab hlua khoom. Rau cov hom phiaj no, cov khoom ntxhib (hemp, jute) thiab cov tawv tawv (sisal, abaca) yog qhov tsim nyog. Ntoo fibers kuj tau siv dav. Lawv siv rau hauv kev tsim kho rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw, hauv kev lag luam ntawv.
Flax yog cov qoob loo zoo sib xws. Nws cov fiber ntau yog qhov thinnest thiab ilv tshaj plaws, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li siv dav hauv kev lag luam textile. Yuav kom tau txais bast fibers, fiber ntau yog zus. Cov nroj tsuag no tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm nws cov tsos: nws cov stems yog nyias thiab ntev, ncav cuag 1 meter. Raws li ib feem pua, cov fibers nyob 20-25% ntawm qhov loj ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag. Cov ntaub qhwv flax tau raug kuaj xyuas kom muaj zog thiab purity. Qhov taw qhia ntawm qhov zoo yog qhov me me extensibility, tsis kam mus rau abrasion thiabnoo noo nqus. Cov xov paj yog tsim los ntawm linen. Siv ob lub fibers ntev thiab "combed", uas yog, pov tseg tom qab combing. Nyob ntawm kev siv tshuab spinning, cov xov paj yuav fluffier lossis, hloov pauv, smoother.
Fabrics tau los ntawm linen fiber tuaj yeem ua tau zoo sib txawv - los ntawm coarsest burlap mus rau nyias thiab mos hnav. Nyob rau hauv Russia, tsuas yog coarse flax yog zus.
Hmoob
Bast fibers ntawm hemp yog cais raws li ntxhib. Cov khoom uas tshwm sim yog hu ua hemp (ib co ntxhib hlua woven los ntawm cov fibers muaj tib lub npe). Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hemp muaj txiv neej thiab poj niam nroj tsuag. Hemp yog tsim los ntawm cov txiv neej. Thiab los ntawm cov poj niam - niam - ntxhib hiav txwv ropes. Txhawm rau ua cov fibers zoo li no, siv cov tshuab milling tshwj xeeb. Yog tsis muaj lawv, cov fibers tsis qiv lawv tus kheej zoo rau yam tsawg kawg ntawm qee yam kev xaws. Lawv muaj qhov qis qis, ntxhib heev rau qhov kov thiab nqus dej kom zoo.
Jute
Cov nroj tsuag loj hlob hauv Is Nrias teb thiab Pakistan. Cov fiber muaj tib lub npe thiab belongs rau qeb ntawm ntxhib. Nws loj feem ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yog 20-25%. Vim nws qhov roughness, nws tsuas yog siv rau rooj tog zaum, ntim khoom, qee zaum rau cov ntaub pua plag.
Kenaf
Nroj tsuag nrog cov ntsiab lus qis dua (16 txog 20%). Ropes, coarse fabrics xws li burlap lossis tarpaulin yog tsim los ntawm kenaf fiber. Tus thawj coj hauv kev tsim khoom yog Is Nrias teb.
Rob
Herbaceous nroj tsuag nrog cov ntsiab lus fiber ntau. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws qhov zoonws yog boiled nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb tov. Cov hlua, hlua, thiab lwm yam yog tsim los ntawm nws. Twine los ntawm bast fibers ntawm txoj hlua yog elastic heev thiab muaj zog.
Rami
cog nrog cov fiber ntau zoo, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb brilliance, elasticity, softness. Nws yog rot resistant. Cov ntaub linen zoo thiab nuv ntses yog tsim los ntawm ramie.
Feem ntau, cov nroj tsuag belongs rau tsev neeg Nettle. Nws hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nyab xeeb subtropical. Cov thawj coj hauv kev tsim cov ramie yog nyob hauv Suav teb, Nyiv, Philippines.
Cov bast fibers no tau txais los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tropical. Lawv muaj npe vim hais tias ntawm lawv cov tsis muaj ya raws permeability, tsis kam mus lwj, rigidity, lub zog thiab tsis elongation. Siv los ua hlua xwb.
Abaca - textile txiv tsawb. Cov fiber ntau ntawm tib lub npe yog tsim los ntawm nplooj ntawm cov nroj tsuag no.
Sisal, henequen - fiber ntau los ntawm agave nplooj. Nws tsis tshua muaj zog dua abaca thiab nkig ntau dua li hemp. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tiv thaiv peb los ntawm kev ua nets, hlua thiab twine los ntawm nws. Burlap thiab wrapping ntaub kuj yog tsim los ntawm nws. Los ntawm pov tseg thiab tu - ntawv, feem ntau yog qhwv ntawv. Qhov ntev ntawm technical fiber ntawm cov nroj tsuag no ncav cuag 1.5 m.
ntoo fibers
Lawv tau txais los ntawm stems ntawm ntoo thiab los ntawm lawv cov tawv ntoo. Linden yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrov. Lub bast fibers ntawm linden bark feem ntau hu ua "bast". Nyob rau hauv Russia, khau bast tau woven los ntawm nws, thiab thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog xyoo, qhov kev txawj no yog pab tau rau cov partisans. Soaked linden fibers - bast. Nws daim ntawv thov yog ntau haiv neeg. Qhov no yog ib qho khoom siv zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd rau niaj hnub no, cov txhuam hniav ntxuav hniav dawb yog tsim los ntawm nws. Los yog siv nws ua ib da dej ntxhua khaub ncaws. Linden fiber ntau muaj zog heev, yog li nuv ntses nets thiab hlua yog tsim los ntawm nws.
Ntxiv rau, linden fibers tau siv dav hauv cov tshuaj pej xeem. Nws ntseeg hais tias, soaked thiab mashed mus rau ib tug puree sib xws, lawv txhawb lub qhov txhab kho thiab tshem tawm toxins los ntawm lub cev. Qhov no piav qhia txog qhov nrov ntawm txiv qaub ntxhua khaub ncaws.
