Jewelry yog suav tias yog cov khoom kim heev thiab kim heev. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau tseem ceeb, tus neeg yuav khoom siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xaiv thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom nws nyiam heev. Yuav ua li cas yog tias tus neeg siv khoom twb paub lawm hauv tsev tias nws tsis nyiam kev yuav khoom, thiab nws tsis muaj kev xyiv fab ntawm kev yuav khoom?
Yog tias koj nco qab tias qhov nyiaj tseem ceeb tau siv rau kev yuav cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, cov lus nug tshwm sim seb cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub puas tuaj yeem pauv tau? Txhawm rau daws qhov teeb meem no, koj yuav tsum paub thiab nkag siab meej txog koj txoj cai thiab kev lav phib xaub hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev yuav thiab muag cov khoom, nrog rau cov kev cai ntawm kev tswj hwm kev cai lij choj uas tswj kev sib raug zoo uas tshwm sim ntawm tus muag khoom thiab tus neeg yuav khoom hauv cov txheej txheem. rov qab, hloov thiab pauv cov khoom muaj feem xyuam rau qee pawg.
Yam khoom kim heev
Raws li cov lus pom zoo, cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tau suav tias yog kev ua haujlwm zoo ua los ntawm cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo.(xws li platinum, kub thiab lwm yam), feem ntau siv cov khoom muaj nqis thiab ib nrab muaj nuj nqis (pob zeb diamond, pearls, emeralds, thiab lwm yam). Cov khoom kim tshaj plaws yog:
- jewelry (necklace, cufflinks, tsej, pendants, bracelets, tiaras, rings, chains, brooches);
- watches thiab accessories (siv tes, chains);
- cutlery, rooj accessories (tais diav, napkin clips, tswm ciab, cutlery);
- khoom rau kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv (cov duab kos duab, phab ntsa thiab rooj moos, thawv, vases, ashtrays);
- khoom tus kheej (combs, tsom iav, shaving accessories, hmoov thawv, thawv, luam yeeb, snuffboxes);
- khoom qab zib (daggers, sabers, key chains).
Cov khoom no raug cais raws li cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog tias lawv ua los ntawm cov hlau zoo nkauj. Raws li, kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom no, hloov thiab xa rov qab yuav ua raws li kev sib pauv ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
Yog vim li cas pauv
Twb tom qab kev yuav khoom, tus neeg siv khoom xav tau xa rov qab rau tus neeg muag khoom rov qab lossis hloov nrog lwm yam. Cov laj thawj vim li cas cov neeg siv khoom xav pauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog lub hom phiaj thiab cov ntsiab lus.
Cov laj thawj muaj xws li hauv qab no:
- Tus neeg yuav khoom tsis haum qhov loj ntawm kev yuav khoom (piv txwv li, nplhaib), nws qhov kev teeb tsa lossis xim. Feem ntau qhov no tuaj yeem tshwm sim yog tias qhov khoom plig tau yuav khoom plig.
- Tus neeg yuav nkag siab qhov ntawdsiv nyiaj ntau dhau ntawm kev yuav khoom thiab txiav txim siab rov qab.
Lub hom phiaj yog vim li cas rau kev pauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub muaj xws li:
- Cov khoom tsis raug ntawm cov khoom yuav (chips, concavities, khawb, tsis muaj pob zeb hauv inlay, thiab lwm yam), uas cov neeg siv khoom pom tom qab ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov khoom hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo.
- Kev sib yuav uas cuam tshuam rau kev siv tau ntawm cov khoom siv (piv txwv li, qhwv ntsej tsis tu ncua, lub moos tom qab lub sijhawm, lub thawv snuff tsis kaw nruj nreem).
Thaum pom thawj zaug, nws zoo li yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom muaj lub hom phiaj ntawm kev hloov cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub rau cov tshiab, tus neeg muag khoom tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Tab sis txhawm rau txheeb xyuas seb qhov no puas yog tiag tiag, nws yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai ntawm txoj cai.
Txoj cai lij choj dab tsi tswj cov txheej txheem rau kev xa rov qab, hloov pauv thiab pauv khoom
Nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev muag, muas, hloov, pauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub yog ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev cai lij choj kev cai, cov npe ntawm cov hauv qab no.
- Civil Code (cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev lav phib xaub ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom, cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom raws li kev cai lij choj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lawv).
- Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom" (ib txoj cai lij choj piav qhia txog cov cai thiab kev lav phib xaub ntawm cov pej xeem (cov neeg yuav khoom), cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom txhawm rau siv txoj cai lij choj ntawm txhua tus neeg koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheemmuas thiab muag.
- Tsoomfwv Tsab Cai "Rau kev pom zoo ntawm Cov Cai rau kev muag khoom ntawm qee yam khoom, cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov uas tsis raug raws li tus neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum tau muab nws pub dawb rau lub sijhawm kho lossis hloov pauv. cov khoom zoo sib xws, thiab cov npe ntawm cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj khoom haus zoo uas tsis raug xa rov qab los yog pauv rau cov khoom zoo sib xws ntawm qhov sib txawv, cov duab, qhov loj me, style, xim lossis kev teeb tsa. Cov kev cai no qhia cov npe ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem xa rov qab, hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv yog tias lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Daim ntawv teev npe yog tsim los ntawm txoj cai no txhawm rau tshem tawm cov neeg siv khoom dag, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab ua raws li cov qauv kev huv.
Kuv tuaj yeem pauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub
Cov neeg yuav khoom los ntawm cov hlau thiab pob zeb muaj nuj nqis yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev xa rov qab thiab pauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis tuaj yeem raug cai. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom lag luam tau teev tseg tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tsis tuaj yeem xa rov qab lossis hloov pauv (yog tias lawv tsis muaj kev tsim khoom tsis raug thiab lawv cov khoom zoo). Ntawd yog, yog tias cov khoom yuav khoom yog qhov zoo thiab tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo, ces nws tsis tuaj yeem xa rov qab mus rau tus neeg muag khoom lossis pauv rau lwm tus. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj cai no tsis siv rau cov khoom uas muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Ntawd yog, yog tias qhov yuav khoom ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub muaj qhov tsis xws luag, thiab tib lub sijhawm, qhov pom ntawm qhov tsis xws luag tsis yog.vim yog kev ua ntawm tus neeg siv khoom (yog qhov ua txhaum ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom), nws tuaj yeem xa rov qab mus rau tus neeg muag khoom lossis hloov nrog ib qho zoo sib xws.
Yuav kom teb cov lus nug kom raug nyob rau hauv rooj plaub twg cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub raug pauv, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias lo lus "hloov" txhais li cas hauv cov ntsiab lus no, thiab nws ua raws li cov cai ntawm txoj cai lij choj hauv kev quab yuam. nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib pauv thiab hloov khoom
Raws li kev sib pauv ntawm cov khoom hauv rooj plaub dav dav txhais tau tias qhov xwm txheej uas tus neeg siv khoom muaj qee qhov laj thawj (piv txwv li saum toj no). Piv txwv li, lub nplhaib kub nrog lub pob zeb diamond tsis haum tus neeg yuav khoom loj, thiab nws txiav txim siab los pauv nws rau tib qho. Los yog yuav cov cufflinks nrog emeralds tsis haum rau cov khaub ncaws, thiab cov neeg siv khoom xav rov qab los ntawm ob lub lis piam, vim tias cov khoom tsis haum rau cov qauv thiab xim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom raug cai pauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub. Raws li tau hais ua ntej, cov khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig tau suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv yog tias lawv muaj qhov zoo. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej kev yuav khoom, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom ua tau raws li qhov koj xav tau thiab haum nws cov kev txwv.
Qhov xwm txheej nrog qhov hloov pauv txawv. Kev hloov cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub thiab lwm yam khoom ua los ntawm cov hlau thiab pob zeb muaj nuj nqis qhia txog qhov xwm txheej uas cov khoom muaj qhov tsis xws luag lossis tsis zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws yog lub Hoobkas tsim, uas yog, cov neeg siv khoom tsis pom thaum yuav khoom muaj qee yam tsis zoo nrog cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tab sisRaws li lub sij hawm dhau mus, flaws tau pom. Hauv qhov no, nws tuaj yeem hloov cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, tsis yog kev pauv.
Yuav ua li cas hloov
Yuav ua li cas hloov cov khoom lag luam, thiab lub luag haujlwm dab tsi uas tus neeg yuav khoom, tus muag khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom muaj nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, yog tswj hwm los ntawm Tshooj 18 ntawm Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom". Ntu 1 ntawm tsab xov xwm no tsim cov cai ntawm pej xeem thaum hloov cov khoom tsis zoo.
Tus neeg siv khoom, thaum kuaj pom qhov tsis xws luag hauv cov khoom, yog tias lawv tsis tau teev los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom, muaj txoj cai xaiv:
- xav tau hloov pauv rau cov khoom lag luam ntawm tib hom (tsim qauv thiab (lossis) kab lus);
- xav tau hloov pauv rau tib yam khoom ntawm cov khoom sib txawv (tus qauv, kab lus) nrog rau kev suav rov qab ntawm tus nqi yuav khoom;
- xav kom txo tau tus nqi yuav khoom;
- xav tau tam sim ntawd tshem tawm cov khoom tsis raug lossis them rov qab cov nqi rau lawv kho los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lossis tus neeg thib peb;
- tsis kam ua kom tiav daim ntawv cog lus muag thiab thov kom rov qab cov nyiaj them rau cov khoom. Raws li qhov kev thov ntawm tus neeg muag khoom thiab ntawm nws tus nqi, tus neeg siv khoom yuav tsum xa cov khoom rov qab nrog qhov tsis xws luag.
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tus neeg siv khoom kuj muaj cai thov kom them tag nrho cov nyiaj poob rau nws vim yog kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo. Kev poob raug them rov qab nyob rau lub sijhawm txwv tsim los ntawm Txoj Cai Lij Choj no kom ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg siv khoom.
Tus neeg yuav khoom lub hom phiaj los hloov cov hniav nyiaj hniav kubcov khoom yog hu ua "requirements". Cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem nthuav tawm nws tsis yog rau tus muag khoom nkaus xwb, raws li qhov chaw tso cai los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, tab sis kuj tseem tuaj yeem nthuav tawm lawv mus rau qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov neeg xa khoom. Thiab tus neeg siv khoom txiav txim siab seb hom kev thov twg thiab yuav qhia rau leej twg.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais meej tias qhov tsis muaj kev muag khoom thiab (lossis) tau txais nyiaj ntsuab los ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom tsis cuam tshuam qhov muaj peev xwm hloov cov khoom. Yog tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg, qhov no zoo heev, tab sis yog vim li cas nws tsis pom, ces nws tsis ua li cas, cov khoom tsis zoo tseem tuaj yeem hloov lossis xa rov qab.
Cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv cov khoom siv tsis zoo thiab tsis zoo
Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, cov khoom ua los ntawm cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig thiab hlau tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv, uas yog, lawv tsis tuaj yeem xa rov qab mus rau tus neeg muag khoom hauv ob lub lis piam txij li hnub yuav thiab muag. Qhov xwm txheej no txawv nrog kev hloov ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, qhov zoo ntawm qhov uas tau hloov mus rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Cov khoom zoo li no tuaj yeem hloov pauv nyob rau lub sijhawm teev tseg ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj lossis daim ntawv pov thawj.
Yog tias cov nyiaj yuav khoom tsis nyob rau hauv warranty, nws tuaj yeem hloov lossis xa rov qab tsis pub dhau ob xyoos (muab tias cov khoom puas lawm). Yog li, tag nrho cov neeg siv khoom txoj cai tsim los ntawm txoj cai lij choj thiab cov kev cai lij choj raug hwm tag nrho.
Yuav ua li cas yog tus neeg muag khoom tsis kam hloov cov khoom
Muaj qee lub sijhawm thaum tus neeg muag khoomcov hniav nyiaj hniav kub tsis kam hloov cov khoom tsis raug. Tom qab ntawd ua raws li hauv qab no:
- Hu rau cov chaw tsim khoom hniav nyiaj hniav kub rau qhov kev thov kom hloov lossis xa rov qab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub;
- xa ib daim ntawv thov rau lub zej zog tiv thaiv cov neeg siv khoom thiab siv koj cov cai tag nrho, uas yog tswj hwm los ntawm txoj cai lij choj.
Thaum hloov ib qho khoom plig, nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias feem ntau, kev kuaj xyuas yuav tsum tau ua pov thawj tias kev sib yuav lossis qhov tsis zoo yog lub Hoobkas thiab tsis tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaum ntawm tus neeg siv khoom. Yog tias nws tau ua pov thawj tias qhov tsis xws luag yog kev tsim khoom tsis raug, tus nqi ntawm kev kuaj xyuas yuav raug them los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom lossis cov chaw tsim khoom.
Yuav ua li cas ua ntej yuav ib daim nyiaj hniav nyiaj hniav kub kom tsis txhob rov los pauv nws
Yam khoom yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam zoo hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo. Feem ntau, cov khw muag hniav nyiaj hniav kub muaj cov teeb pom kev zoo tshwj xeeb uas yuav tso cai rau tus neeg yuav khoom ua tib zoo ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom.
Ua ntej koj yuav ib lub tsej los yog lub kauj-toog npab, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xyuas tsis yog lawv cov tsos xwb, tab sis kuj muaj kev pabcuam ntawm cov clasps. Piv txwv li, ib qho lus Askiv clasp ntawm qhwv ntsej yuav tsum kaw nrog me ntsis nyem.
Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum paub koj tus kheej nrog daim ntawv hla tebchaws ntawm cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub, xyuam xim rau nws qhov hnyav, qauv hlau, txoj kab uas hla thiab (lossis) ntev ntawm cov khoom, lub npe ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab tias yogcov hniav nyiaj hniav kub muaj lub pob zeb zoo nkauj, ces nws yuav tsum muaj daim ntawv pov thawj tsim nyog.
Tab sis txawm tias tom qab nws hloov tawm tias qhov kev yuav khoom tau zoo, tab sis nws tsis haum rau tus neeg yuav khoom vim qhov zoo nkauj, yeej ib txwm muaj kev xaiv ntawm kev xa ib daim kub pauv rau cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub uas koj nyiam ntau dua. Yuav luag txhua lub khw muag hniav nyiaj hniav kub lees txais cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub hauv kev sib pauv rau cov khoom tshiab, thiab koj yuav tau them tus nqi ntxiv rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov jeweler, lub tuam txhab hniav nyiaj hniav kub, los yog xaiv ib daim ntawm qhov hnyav thiab tus nqi.
